https://zeta.one/viral-math/

I wrote a (very long) blog post about those viral math problems and am looking for feedback, especially from people who are not convinced that the problem is ambiguous.

It’s about a 30min read so thank you in advance if you really take the time to read it, but I think it’s worth it if you joined such discussions in the past, but I’m probably biased because I wrote it :)

  • Prunebutt@feddit.de
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    1 year ago

    If you are so sure that you are right and already “know it all”, why bother and even read this? There is no comment section to argue.

    I beg to differ. You utter fool! You created a comment section yourself on lemmy and you are clearly wrong about everything!

    You take the mean of 1 and 9 which is 4.5!

    /j

    • wischi@programming.devOP
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      1 year ago

      🤣 I wasn’t even sure if I should post it on lemmy. I mainly wrote it so I can post it under other peoples posts that actually are intended to artificially create drama to hopefully show enough people what the actual problems are with those puzzles.

      But I probably am a fool and this is not going anywhere because most people won’t read a 30min article about those math problems :-)

      • relevants@feddit.de
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        1 year ago

        Actually the correct answer is clearly 0.2609 if you follow the order of operations correctly:

        6/2(1+2)
        = 6/23
        = 0.26

        • wischi@programming.devOP
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          1 year ago

          🤣 I’m not sure if you read the post but I also wrote about that (the paragraph right before “What about the real world?”)

          • relevants@feddit.de
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            1 year ago

            I did read the post (well done btw), but I guess I must have missed that. And here I thought I was a comedic genius

      • wischi@programming.devOP
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        1 year ago

        @Prunebutt meant 4.5! and not 4.5. Because it’s not an integer we have to use the gamma function, the extension of the factorial function to get the actual mean between 1 and 9 => 4.5! = 52.3428 which looks about right 🤣

  • Captain Aggravated@sh.itjust.works
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    1 year ago

    I think this speaks to why I have a total of 5 years of college and no degree.

    Starting at about 7th grade, math class is taught to every single American school child as if they’re going to grow up to become mathematicians. Formal definitions, proofs, long sets of rules for how you manipulate squiggles to become other squiggles that you’re supposed to obey because that’s what the book says.

    Early my 7th grade year, my teacher wrote a long string of numbers and operators on the board, something like 6 + 4 - 7 * 8 + 3 / 9. Then told us to work this problem and then say what we came up with. This divided us into two groups: Those who hadn’t learned Order of Operations on our own time who did (six plus four is ten, minus seven is three, times eight is 24, plus three is 27, divided by nine is three) Three, and who were then told we were wrong and stupid, and those who somehow had, who did (seven times eight is 56, three divided by nine is some tiny fraction…) got a very different number, and were told they were right. Terrible method of teaching, because it alienates the students who need to do the learning right off the bat. And this basically set the tone until I dropped out of college for the second time.

  • Portosian@sh.itjust.works
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    1 year ago

    Honestly, I do disagree that the question is ambiguous. The lack of parenthetical separation is itself a choice that informs order of operations. If the answer was meant to be 9, then the 6/2 would be isolated in parenthesis.

    • chuckleslord@lemmy.world
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      1 year ago

      It’s covered in the blog, but this is likely due to a bias towards Strong Juxtaposition rules for parentheses rather than Weak. It’s common for those who learned math into advanced algebra/ beginning Calc and beyond, since that’s the usual method for higher math education. But it isn’t “correct”, it’s one of two standard ways of doing it. The ambiguity in the question is intentional and pervasive.

      • Portosian@sh.itjust.works
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        1 year ago

        My argument is specifically that using no separation shows intent for which way to interpret and should not default to weak juxtaposition.

        Choosing not to use (6/2)(1+2) implies to me to use the only other interpretation.

        There’s also the difference between 6/2(1+2) and 6/2*(1+2). I think the post has a point for the latter, but not the former.

        • atomicorange@lemmy.world
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          1 year ago

          I originally had the same reasoning but came to the opposite conclusion. Multiplication and division have the same precedence, so I read the operations from left to right unless noted otherwise with parentheses. Thus:

          6/2=3

          3(1+2)=9

          For me to read the whole of 2(1+2) as the denominator in a fraction I would expect it to be isolated in parentheses: 6/(2(1+2)).

          Reading the blog post, I understand the ambiguity now, but i’m still fascinated that we had the same criticism (no parentheses implies intent) but had opposite conclusions.

        • chuckleslord@lemmy.world
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          1 year ago

          I don’t know what you want, man. The blog’s goal is to describe the problem and why it comes about and your response is “Following my logic, there is no confusion!” when there clearly is confusion in the wider world here. The blog does a good job of narrowing down why there’s confusion, you’re response doesn’t add anything or refute anything. It’s just… you bragging? I’m not certain what your point is.

          • your response is “Following my logic, there is no confusion!”

            That’s because the actual rules of Maths have all been followed, including The Distributive Law and Terms.

            there clearly is confusion in the wider world here

            Amongst people who don’t remember The Distributive Law and Terms.

            The blog does a good job of narrowing down why there’s confusion

            The blog ignores The Distributive Law and Terms. Notice the complete lack of Maths textbook references in it?

      • But it isn’t “correct”

        It is correct - it’s The Distributive Law.

        it’s one of two standard ways of doing it.

        There’s only 1 way - the “other way” was made up by people who don’t remember The Distributive Law and/or Terms (more likely both), and very much goes against the standards.

        The ambiguity in the question is

        …zero.

  • LittleHermiT@lemmus.org
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    1 year ago

    I would do the mighty parentheses first, and then the 2 that dares to touch the mighty parentheses, finally getting to the run-of-the-mill division. Hence the answer is One.

  • I am so glad that nothing I do in life will ever cause this problem to matter to me.

    The way I was taught in school, the answer is clearly 1, but I did read the blog post and I understand why that’s actually ambiguous.

    Fortunately, I don’t have to care, so will sleep well knowing the answer is 1, and that I’m as correct as anyone else. :-p

  • Duncan Murray@fosstodon.org
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    10 months ago

    @wischi “Funny enough all the examples that N.J. Lennes list in his letter use implicit multiplications and thus his rule could be replaced by the strong juxtaposition”.

    Weird they didn’t need two made-up terms to get it right 100 years ago.

    • Indeed Duncan. :-)

      his rule could be replaced by the strong juxtaposition

      “strong juxtaposition” already existed even then in Terms (which Lennes called Terms/Products, but somehow missed the implication of that) and The Distributive Law, so his rule was never adopted because it was never needed - it was just Lennes #LoudlyNotUnderstandingThings (like Terms, which by his own admission was in all the textbooks). 1917 (ii) - Lennes’ letter (Terms and operators)

      In other words…

      Funny enough all the examples that N.J. Lennes list in his letter use

      …Terms/Products., as we do today in modern high school Maths textbooks (but we just use Terms in this context, not Products).

  • Adkml [he/him]@hexbear.net
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    1 year ago

    The ambiguous ones at least have some discussion around it. The ones I’ve seen thenxouple times I had the misfortune of seeing them on Facebook were just straight up basic order of operations questions. They weren’t ambiguous, they were about a 4th grade math level, and all thenpeople from my high-school that complain that school never taught them anything were completely failing to get it.

    I’m talking like 4+1x2 and a bunch of people were saying it was 10.

  • cobra89@beehaw.org
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    1 year ago

    While I agree the problem as written is ambiguous and should be written with explicit operators, I have 1 argument to make. In pretty much every other field if we have a question the answer pretty much always ends up being something along the lines of “well the experts do this” or “this professor at this prestigious university says this”, or “the scientific community says”. The fact that this article even states that academic circles and “scientific” calculators use strong juxtaposition, while basic education and basic calculators use weak juxtaposition is interesting. Why do we treat math differently than pretty much every other field? Shouldn’t strong juxtaposition be the precedent and the norm then just how the scientific community sets precedents for literally every other field? We should start saying weak juxtaposition is wrong and just settle on one.

    This has been my devil’s advocate argument.

    • While I agree the problem as written is ambiguous

      It’s not.

      the answer pretty much always ends up being something along the lines of “well the experts do this” or “this professor at this prestigious university says this”, or “the scientific community says”.

      Agree completely! Notice how they ALWAYS leave out high school Maths teachers and textbooks? You know, the ones who actually TEACH this topic. Always people OTHER THAN the people/books who teach this topic (and so always end up with the wrong conclusion).

      while basic education and basic calculators use weak juxtaposition

      Literally no-one in education uses so-called “weak juxtaposition” - there’s no such thing. There’s The Distributive Law and Terms, both of which use so-called “strong juxtaposition”. Most calculators do too.

      Shouldn’t strong juxtaposition be the precedent and the norm

      It is. In fact it’s the rules (The Distributive Law and Terms).

      We should start saying weak juxtaposition is wrong

      Maths teachers already DO say it’s wrong.

      This has been my devil’s advocate argument.

      No, this is mostly a Maths teacher argument. You started off weak (saying its ambiguous), but then after that almost everything you said is actually correct - maybe you should be a Maths teacher. :-)

    • wischi@programming.devOP
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      1 year ago

      I tried to be careful to not suggest that scientist only use strong juxtaposition. They use both but are typically very careful to not write ambiguous stuff and practically never write implicit multiplications between numbers because they just simplify it.

      At this point it’s probably to late to really fix it and the only viable option is to be aware why and how this ambiguous and not write it that way.

      As stated in the “even more ambiguous math notations” it’s far from the only ambiguous situation and it’s practically impossible (and not really necessary) to fix.

      Scientist and engineers also know the issue and navigate around it. It’s really a non-issue for experts and the problem is only how and what the general population is taught.

  • Alcatorda@lemmy.world
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    1 year ago

    Hi! Nice blog post. Since you asked for feedback I’ll point out the one thing I didn’t really understand. You explain the difference between the calculators by showing excerpts from the manuals and you highlight that in the first manual, implicit multiplication is prioritised. But the text you underlined only refers to implicit multiplication involving special expressions(?) like pi, e, sqrt or log, and nothing about “regular” implicit multiplication like 2(1+3). So while your photos of the calculator results are great proof that the two models use a different order of operations, to me the manuals were a bit confusing since they did not actually seem to prove your point for the example math problems you are discussing. Or maybe I missed something?

    • only refers to implicit multiplication involving special expressions(?) like pi, e, sqrt or log, and nothing about “regular” implicit multiplication like 2(1+3)

      That was a very astute observation you made there! The fact is, for the very reason you stated, there is in fact no such thing as “implicit multiplication” - it is a term which has been made up by people who have forgotten Terms (the first thing you mentioned) and The Distributive Law (the second thing you mentioned). As you’ve noted., these are 2 different rules, and lumping them together as one brings exactly the disastrous results you might expect from lumping different 2 rules together as one…

      See here for explanation of all the various rules, including textbook references and proofs.

  • Aussiemandeus@aussie.zone
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    1 year ago

    I guess if you wrote it out with a different annotation it would be

    ‎ ‎ 6

    -‐--------‐--------------

    2(1+2)

    =

    6

    -‐--------‐--------------

    2×3

    =

    6

    –‐--------‐--------------

    6

    =1

    I hate the stupid things though

          • 6⁄2(1+2) ⇒ 6⁄2*3 ⇒ 6⁄6 ⇒ 1

            You’re more patient than me to go to that trouble! 😂 But yeah, looks good. Just one technicality (and relates to how many people arrive at the wrong answer), the 2x3 should be in brackets. Yes if you had a proper fraction bar it wouldn’t matter, but that’s what’s missing with inline writing, and is compensated for with brackets (and brackets can’t be removed unless there’s only 1 term inside). In your original comment, it does indeed look like 6/(2x3), but, to illustrate the issue with what you wrote, as soon as I quoted it, it now looks like (6/2)x3 in my comment.

  • The_Vampire@lemmy.world
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    1 year ago

    Having read your article, I contend it should be:
    P(arentheses)
    E(xponents)
    M(ultiplication)D(ivision)
    A(ddition)S(ubtraction)
    and strong juxtaposition should be thrown out the window.

    Why? Well, to be clear, I would prefer one of them die so we can get past this argument that pops up every few years so weak or strong doesn’t matter much to me, and I think weak juxtaposition is more easily taught and more easily supported by PEMDAS. I’m not saying it receives direct support, but rather the lack of instruction has us fall back on what we know as an overarching rule (multiplication and division are equal). Strong juxtaposition has an additional ruling to PEMDAS that specifies this specific case, whereas weak juxtaposition doesn’t need an additional ruling (and I would argue anyone who says otherwise isn’t logically extrapolating from the PEMDAS ruleset). I don’t think the sides are as equal as people pose.

    To note, yes, PEMDAS is a teaching tool and yes there are obviously other ways of thinking of math. But do those matter? The mathematical system we currently use will work for any usecase it does currently regardless of the juxtaposition we pick, brackets/parentheses (as well as better ordering of operations when writing them down) can pick up any slack. Weak juxtaposition provides better benefits because it has less rules (and is thusly simpler).

    But again, I really don’t care. Just let one die. Kill it, if you have to.

    • NightDice@feddit.de
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      1 year ago

      I think anything after (whichever grade your country introduces fractions in) should exclusively use fractions or multiplication with fractions to express division in order to disambiguate. A division symbol should never be used after fractions are introduced.

      This way, it doesn’t really matter which juxtaposition you prefer, because it will never be ambiguous.

      Anything before (whichever grade introduces fractions) should simply overuse brackets.

      This comment was written in a couple of seconds, so if I missed something obvious, feel free to obliterate me.

    • Flax@feddit.uk
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      1 year ago

      Division comes before Multiplication, doesn’t it? I know BODMAS.

      • Spacehooks@reddthat.com
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        1 year ago

        This actually explains alot. Murica is Pemdas but Canadian used Bodmas so multiply is first in America.

        • ggppjj@lemmy.world
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          As far as I understand it, they’re given equal weight in the order of operations, it’s just whichever you hit first left to right.

          • blind3rdeye@lemm.ee
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            Ah, but if you use the rules BODMSA (or PEDMSA) then you can follow the letter order strictly, ignoring the equal precedence left-to-right rule, and you still get the correct answer. Therefore clearly we should start teaching BODMSA in primary schools. Or perhaps BFEDMSA. (Brackets, named Functions, Exponentiation, Division, Multiplication, Subtraction, Addition). I’m sure that would remove all confusion and stop all arguments. … Or perhaps we need another letter to clarify whether implicit multiplication with a coefficient and no symbol is different to explicit multiplication… BFEIDMSA or BFEDIMSA. Shall we vote on it?

              • blind3rdeye@lemm.ee
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                10 months ago

                Obviously more letters would make the mnemonic worse, not better. I was making a joke.

                As for the brackets ‘the rules around expanding brackets’ are only meaningful in the assumed context of our order of operations. For example, if we instead all agreed that addition should be before multiplication, then a×(b+c) would “expand” to a×b+c, because the addition is before multiplication anyway and the brackets do nothing.

                • I was making a joke.

                  Fair enough, but my point still stands.

                  if we instead all agreed that addition should be before multiplication

                  …then you would STILL have to do multiplication first. You can’t change Maths by simply agreeing to change it - that’s like saying if we all agree that the Earth is flat then the Earth is flat. Similarly we can’t agree that 1+1=3 now. Maths is used to model the real world - you can’t “agree” to change physics. You can’t add 1 thing to 1 other thing and have 3 things now, no matter how much you might want to “agree” that there is 3, there’s only 2 things. Multiplying is a binary operation, and addition is unary, and you have to do binary operators before unary operators - that is a fact that no amount of “agreeing” can change. 2x3 is actually a contracted form of 2+2+2, which is why it has to be done before addition - you’re in fact exposing the hidden additions before you do the additions.

                  the brackets do nothing

                  The brackets, by definition, say what to do first. Regardless of any other order of operations rules, you always do brackets first - that is in fact their sole job. They indicate any exceptions to the rules that would apply otherwise. They perform no other function. If you’re going to no longer do brackets first then you would simply not use them at all anymore. And in fact we don’t - when there are redundant brackets, like in (2)(1+2), we simply leave them out, leaving 2(1+2).

          • Spacehooks@reddthat.com
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            1 year ago

            Yeah 100% was not taught that. Follow the pemdas or fail the test. Division is after Multiply in pemdas.

            I put the equation into excel and get 9 which only makes sense in bodmas.

    • I think weak juxtaposition is more easily taught

      Except it breaks the rules which already are taught.

      the PEMDAS ruleset

      But they’re not rules - it’s a mnemonic to help you remember the actual order of operations rules.

      Just let one die. Kill it, if you have to

      Juxtaposition - in either case - isn’t a rule to begin with (the 2 appropriate rules here are The Distributive Law and Terms), yet it refuses to die because of incorrect posts like this one (which fails to quote any Maths textbooks at all, which is because it’s not in any textbooks, which is because it’s wrong).

      • The_Vampire@lemmy.world
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        10 months ago

        Except it breaks the rules which already are taught.

        It isn’t, because the ‘currently taught rules’ are on a case-by-case basis and each teacher defines this area themselves. Strong juxtaposition isn’t already taught, and neither is weak juxtaposition. That’s the whole point of the argument.

        But they’re not rules - it’s a mnemonic to help you remember the actual order of operations rules.

        See this part of my comment: “To note, yes, PEMDAS is a teaching tool and yes there are obviously other ways of thinking of math. But do those matter? The mathematical system we currently use will work for any usecase it does currently regardless of the juxtaposition we pick, brackets/parentheses (as well as better ordering of operations when writing them down) can pick up any slack. Weak juxtaposition provides better benefits because it has less rules (and is thusly simpler).”

        Juxtaposition - in either case - isn’t a rule to begin with (the 2 appropriate rules here are The Distributive Law and Terms), yet it refuses to die because of incorrect posts like this one (which fails to quote any Maths textbooks at all, which is because it’s not in any textbooks, which is because it’s wrong).

        You’re claiming the post is wrong and saying it doesn’t have any textbook citation (which is erroneous in and of itself because textbooks are not the only valid source) but you yourself don’t put down a citation for your own claim so… citation needed.

        In addition, this issue isn’t a mathematical one, but a grammatical one. It’s about how we write math, not how math is (and thus the rules you’re referring to such as the Distributive Law don’t apply, as they are mathematical rules and remain constant regardless of how we write math).

        • It isn’t, because the ‘currently taught rules’ are on a case-by-case basis and each teacher defines this area themselves

          Nope. Teachers can decide how they teach. They cannot decide what they teach. The have to teach whatever is in the curriculum for their region.

          Strong juxtaposition isn’t already taught, and neither is weak juxtaposition

          That’s because neither of those is a rule of Maths. The Distributive Law and Terms are, and they are already taught (they are both forms of what you call “strong juxtaposition”, but note that they are 2 different rules, so you can’t cover them both with a single rule like “strong juxtaposition”. That’s where the people who say “implicit multiplication” are going astray - trying to cover 2 rules with one).

          See this part of my comment… Weak juxtaposition provides better benefits because it has less rules (and is thusly simpler)

          Yep, saw it, and weak juxtaposition would break the existing rules of Maths, such as The Distributive Law and Terms. (Re)learn the existing rules, that is the point of the argument.

          citation needed

          Well that part’s easy - I guess you missed the other links I posted. Order of operations thread index Text book references, proofs, the works.

          this issue isn’t a mathematical one, but a grammatical one

          Maths isn’t a language. It’s a group of notation and rules. It has syntax, not grammar. The equation in question has used all the correct notation, and so when solving it you have to follow all the relevant rules.

          • The_Vampire@lemmy.world
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            10 months ago

            Nope. Teachers can decide how they teach. They cannot decide what they teach. The have to teach whatever is in the curriculum for their region.

            Yes, teachers have certain things they need to teach. That doesn’t prohibit them from teaching additional material.

            That’s because neither of those is a rule of Maths. The Distributive Law and Terms are, and they are already taught (they are both forms of what you call “strong juxtaposition”, but note that they are 2 different rules, so you can’t cover them both with a single rule like “strong juxtaposition”. That’s where the people who say “implicit multiplication” are going astray - trying to cover 2 rules with one).

            Yep, saw it, and weak juxtaposition would break the existing rules of Maths, such as The Distributive Law and Terms. (Re)learn the existing rules, that is the point of the argument.

            Well that part’s easy - I guess you missed the other links I posted. Order of operations thread index Text book references, proofs, the works.

            You argue about sources and then cite yourself as a source with a single reference that isn’t you buried in the thread on the Distributive Law? That single reference doesn’t even really touch the topic. Your only evidence in the entire thread relevant to the discussion is self-sourced. Citation still needed.

            Maths isn’t a language. It’s a group of notation and rules. It has syntax, not grammar. The equation in question has used all the correct notation, and so when solving it you have to follow all the relevant rules.

            You can argue semantics all you like. I would put forth that since you want sources so much, according to Merriam-Webster, grammar’s definitions include “the principles or rules of an art, science, or technique”, of which I think the syntax of mathematics qualifies, as it is a set of rules and mathematics is a science.

            • 💡𝚂𝗆𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗆𝖺𝗇 𝙰𝗉𝗉𝗌📱@programming.dev
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              10 months ago

              That doesn’t prohibit them from teaching additional material

              Correct, but it can’t be something which would contradict what they do have to teach, which is what “weak juxtaposition” would do.

              a single reference

              I see you didn’t read the whole thread then. Keep going if you want more. Literally every Year 7-8 Maths textbook says the same thing. I’ve quoted multiple textbooks (and haven’t even covered all the ones I own).

              mathematics is a science

              Actually you’ll find that assertion is hotly debated.

              • The_Vampire@lemmy.world
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                10 months ago

                Correct, but it can’t be something which would contradict what they do have to teach, which is what “weak juxtaposition” would do.

                Citation needed.

                I see you didn’t read the whole thread then. Keep going if you want more. Literally every Year 7-8 Maths textbook says the same thing. I’ve quoted multiple textbooks (and haven’t even covered all the ones I own).

                If I have to search your ‘source’ for the actual source you’re trying to reference, it’s a very poor source. This is the thread I searched. Your comments only reference ‘math textbooks’, not anything specific, outside of this link which you reference twice in separate comments but again, it’s not evidence for your side, or against it, or even relevant. It gets real close to almost talking about what we want, but it never gets there.

                But fine, you reference ‘multiple textbooks’ so after a bit of searching I find the only other reference you’ve made. In the very same comment you yourself state “he says that Stokes PROPOSED that /b+c be interpreted as /(b+c). He says nothing further about it, however it’s certainly not the way we interpret it now”, which is kind of what we want. We’re talking about x/y(b+c) and whether that should be x/(yb+yc) or x/y * 1/(b+c). However, there’s just one little issue. Your last part of that statement is entirely self-supported, meaning you have an uncited refutation of the side you’re arguing against, which funnily enough you did cite.

                Now, maybe that latter textbook citation I found has some supporting evidence for yourself somewhere, but an additional point is that when providing evidence and a source to support your argument you should probably make it easy to find the evidence you speak of. I’m certainly not going to spend a great amount of effort trying to disprove myself over an anonymous internet argument, and I believe I’ve already done my due diligence.

                • 💡𝚂𝗆𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗆𝖺𝗇 𝙰𝗉𝗉𝗌📱@programming.dev
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                  10 months ago

                  Citation needed.

                  So you think it’s ok to teach contradictory stuff to them in Maths? 🤣 Ok sure, fine, go ahead and find me a Maths textbook which has “weak juxtaposition” in it. I’ll wait.

                  Your comments only reference ‘math textbooks’, not anything specific

                  So you’re telling me you can’t see the Maths textbook screenshots/photo’s?

                  outside of this link which you reference twice in separate comments but again, it’s not evidence for your side, or against it, or even relevant

                  Lennes was complaining that literally no textbooks he mentioned were following “weak juxtaposition”, and you think that’s not relevant to establishing that no textbooks used “weak juxtaposition” 100 years ago?

                  We’re talking about x/y(b+c) and whether that should be x/(yb+yc) or x/y * 1/(b+c).

                  It’s in literally the first textbook screenshot, which if I’m understanding you right you can’t see? (see screenshot of the screenshot above)

                  you have an uncited refutation of the side you’re arguing against, which funnily enough you did cite.

                  Ah, no. Lennes was complaining about textbooks who were obeying Terms/The Distributive Law. His own letter shows us that they all (the ones he mentioned) were doing the same thing then that we do now. Plus my first (and later) screenshot(s).

                  Also it’s in Cajori, but I didn’t find it until later. I don’t remember what page it was, but it’s in Cajori and you have the reference for it there already.

                  you should probably make it easy to find the evidence you speak of

                  Well I’m not sure how you didn’t see all the screenshots. They’re hard to miss on my computer!

          • 💡𝚂𝗆𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗆𝖺𝗇 𝙰𝗉𝗉𝗌📱@programming.dev
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            10 months ago

            P.S. if you DID want to indicate “weak juxtaposition”, then you just put a multiplication symbol, and then yes it would be done as “M” in BEDMAS, because it’s no longer the coefficient of a bracketed term (to be solved as part of “B”), but a separate term.

            6/2(1+2)=6/(2+4)=6/6=1

            6/2x(1+2)=6/2x3=3x3=9