This is really a head scratcher. I’m no Klipper expert when it comes to really tinkering with the printer.cfg, however if I was in your situation the next place I would go with troubleshooting would be on the firmware side of things. Klipper already makes regular backups of your important configs so maybe try making a copy of them and do a clean install of Klipper with a default printer.cfg for your printer and see if that helps narrow down the issue some more. Saves you having to spend money on hardware if you don’t end up actually needing it.

I’d say a Neo based on how the fan shroud looks

To add on to this, while I dont personally use that site for builds it can be a good jumping off point for showing what frames want what and then you can adjust to taste. Another very helpful operator arcane that I like having as my oh shit button is Magus Repair.

Realized I just missed the part where you said you’ve been using Galvanized mods. My bad. What MR are you currently and I can make some weapon recommendations.

As far as weapons go you’ll want the Galvanized mods. You can get those by doing arbitration missions which cycle every hour. In those missions a specific enemy called Arbitration Drones will spawn. They are immune to all warframe abilities and give that immunity to nearby enemies. When they die they have a chance to drop a material called Vitus Essence, which is used to buy the Galvanized mods from the Arbiters of Hexis syndicate at a relay. The mods you’ll want to prioritize are the multishot ones.

As for your issues with your frame survivability, you’ll have to give some more detail on who you’ve been playing and I can make some suggestions for builds.